Showing posts with label Hebrew. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Hebrew. Show all posts

Saturday, February 24, 2018

操练敬虔


 操练身体,益处还少;唯独操练敬虔,凡事有益,享有今生和来世的应许。
For bodily exercise profiteth little: but godliness is profitable unto all things, having promise of the life that now is, and of that which is to come.

提摩太前书 4 :8
1 Timothy 4:8


凡是吃奶的,还是个婴孩,对公义的道理没有经历; 
只有长大成人的,才能吃干粮,他们的官能因为操练纯熟,就能分辨是非了。
For every one that useth milk is unskilful in the word of righteousness: for he is a babe. But strong meat belongeth to them that are of full age, even those who by reason of use have their senses exercised to discern both good and evil.

希伯来书 5:13-14
Hebrew 5:13-14


一切管教,在当时似乎不觉得快乐,反觉得痛苦;
后来却为那些经过这种操练的人,结出平安的果子来,就是义。
Now no chastening for the present seemeth to be joyous, but grievous: nevertheless afterward it yieldeth the peaceable fruit of righteousness unto them which are exercised thereby.

希伯来书 12:11
Hebrew 12:11


Thursday, February 28, 2013

Sin of Ignorance


  
世说
不知者不罪

出处 :
清·钱彩《说岳全传》第六十三回:“起凤道:‘牛兄何不早通姓名,使小弟多多得罪。勿怪,勿怪。’牛通道:‘不知者不罪。’”

释义 :
罪:责备,怪罪。因事先不知道而有所冒犯,就不加怪罪。





What the world says
“Ignorance is bliss”

Origin :
1. Thomas Gray’s poem, Ode on a Distant Prospect of Eton College (1742) : “Where ignorance is bliss, ‘this folly to be wise.”

Meaning :
1. Not knowing is better than knowing and worrying.




Christian’s Perspective
“Sin of Ignorance”

Origin :
1a. Leviticus 4:2 “If a soul shall sin through ignorance against any of the commandments of the Lord concerning things which ought not to be done, and shall do against any of them” KJV
1b. Leviticus 4:13 “And if the whole congregation of Israel sin through ignorance, and the thing be hid from the eyes of the assembly, and they have done somewhat against any of the commandments of the Lord concerning things which should not be done, and are guilty” KJV
1c. Leviticus 4:22 “When a ruler hath sinned, and done somewhat through ignorance against any of the commandments of the Lord his God concerning things which should not be done, and is guilty” KJV

2. Ezekiel 45:20  “You are to do the same on the seventh day of the month for anyone who sins unintentionally or through ignorance; so you are to make atonement for the temple.”  NIV

3. Acts 17:30  “In the past God overlooked such ignorance, but now he commands all people everywhere to repent.”

4. Hebrew 9:7  “But only the high priest entered the inner room, and that only once a year, and never without blood, which he offered for himself and for the sins the people had committed in ignorance.” NIV

5. 1Peter 1:14  “As obedient children, do not conform to the evil desires you had when you lived in ignorance.” NIV








Friday, July 13, 2012

Hebrews - Israelites - Jews - Jewish - Israelis


希伯来人Hebrews

希伯來人(Hebrew) 的名稱源自希伯来语 Ivri (עברי, 跨越的意思,复词 Ivrim)。英语Hebrew 源之希腊语  βραος 和拉丁语Hebraeus 

Ivri延自Eber,出处《圣经·创世纪10:21:「雅弗 (Japheth) 的哥哥闪 (Shem) 是希伯 (Eber),子孙之祖」。
根据《圣经·创世纪10:22-24: 亚法撒 (Arphaxad)亚法撒沙拉 (Shelah)沙拉希伯 (Eber)。希伯是亚伯拉罕 (Abraham) 的先祖。

「希伯来」在《圣经》最早出现在《创世纪14:13: 有一个逃出来的人告诉希伯来人亚伯兰;亚伯兰正住在亚摩利人幔利的橡树那里。幔利和以实各并亚乃都是弟兄,曾与亚伯兰联盟。

亚伯兰 (既亚伯拉罕) 的爱子约瑟也被称希伯来人。《圣经·创世纪39:14&17 ; 41:12

沦落在埃及的亚伯拉罕后裔,也被统称为希伯来人。《圣经·创世纪43:32;《圣经·出埃及记》。希伯来人后来由摩西带领离开埃及,回到了迦南。于前11世纪建立以色列王国,直到以色列分裂、亡国、放逐。


以色列人  Israelites 

以色列人 (Israelites) 是指雅各的後代,根據《聖經·創世記32:28》記載,亞伯拉罕(Abraham) 之嫡幼子以撒 (Isaac) 的次子原名雅各 (Jacob),後被神改名為以色列 (Israel),雅各的後代子孫於是稱為以色列人。

雅各生12个儿子 : 流便(Reuben) 西缅(Simeon) 利未(Levi) 犹大(Judah) (Dan) 拿弗他利(Naphtali) 迦得(Gad) 亚设(Asher) 以萨迦(Issachar) 西布伦(Zebulun),约瑟(Joseph) 便雅悯(Benjamin)。《圣经·创世纪25:23–26
雅各的12个儿子,后来演变成12支派 。约瑟的两个儿子以法莲(Ephraim)和玛拿西(Manasseh)的后裔各晋升为支派。《圣经·民数纪1:20–42




犹太人  Jews, Jewish, Yahudi 

犹太人(Jews) 源自拉丁语  Iudaeus意为  Judaean,即来自Judaea地区的人。该词本身与希腊语中的同义词  ουδαος一样,是从中古时期的亚拉姆语的  Y'hūdāi、希伯来语的Yehudi Yehudim中演化而来的,含义是犹大族人犹大王国的国民」。
犹太人大致上是亚伯拉罕的曾孙犹大。亚伯拉罕以撒(Isaac),以撒生以扫(Esau)雅各(Jacob)。《圣经·创世纪25:19-26

Jew一词起源于中古英语的Gyw, Iewe,后者来自古法语中的giu以及更早的juieu,最初则可以追溯至拉丁语的Iudaeus

希伯来人离开埃及进入迦南,分别按照12支派分居。后来统一成一个国家,先由便雅悯支派 (tribe of Benjamin) 的扫罗 (King Saul,1020BC-1000BC) 作王。之后犹大支派 (tribe of Judah) 的大卫 (King David, 1000BC-960BC) 继位,定都耶路撒冷。

大卫之子所罗门 (King Solomon, 960BC-931BC) 死后,以色列王国分列。北国由以10支派组成,名以色列国(931BC-722BC),立都撒玛利亚 ; 南国则继续立大卫的后裔为王,由2个支派(犹大支派和便雅悯支派)组成,名犹大国(931BC-587BC),立都耶路撒冷。
《圣经·撒母耳记上、下 》,《圣经·列王记上、下 &《圣经·历代志上、下

根据犹太教律法Halakha的定义,一切皈依犹太教的人(宗教意义)以及由犹太母亲所生的人(民族意义)都属于犹太人。





以色列人  Israelis 

以色列国民统称为以色列人 (Israeli citizen)。犹太人占多数(75%),其次是阿拉伯人(20%),其余的有非洲人 (African)、亚美尼亚人 (Armenians)、亚述人  (Assyrians) 撒马利亚人(Samaritans) 等。

以色列亡国后,经历过亚述 (Assyria)、巴比伦 (Babylon)、波斯 (Persian)、希腊 (Greek)、罗马 (Romans)、拜占廷 (Byxantine) 等古国的统治,犹太人在这一地区逐渐衰落并遭驱逐。罗马帝国更将地名改为巴勒斯坦 (Palestine)

之后又被数个穆斯林政权统治 : 烏邁耶王朝 (Umayyad Caliphate) ,阿拔斯王朝 ( Abbasid Caliphate),花剌子模 (Chorasmia),蒙古 (Mongol Empire),馬木魯克 (Mamluk),奥斯曼帝国 (Ottoman Empire)。巴勒斯坦就此被阿拉伯穆斯林占据。

數個世紀以來,諸多流亡海外的猶太人一直試圖返回以色列。1819世紀便有數波回歸潮。随着犹太居民的增多,他们与阿拉伯人之间的關係也日趋紧张。

1947, November 29,联合国大会通过了《1947年联合国分治方案》,将巴勒斯坦分为两个国家 : Arab State Jewish State
1948May 14,以色列国正式宣布成立。





Tuesday, October 11, 2011

Hebrew Calendar

HebrewAcademyLengthHoliday /
Notable days
Notes
1
נִיסָן
Nisan30 daysPassoverCalled Abib ( Exo 13:4, 23:15, 34:18, Deu 16:1 ), and Nisan ( Est 3:7 ) in the Tanakh. 
1st Nissan = ecclesiastical new year for counting of months and festivals.
2
אִיָּר / אייר
Iyyar29 daysPesach Sheni,
Lag B'Omer
Called Ziv in 1Kings 6:1, 6:37
3
סִיוָן / סיוון
Siwan30 daysShavuot
4
תַּמּוּז
Tammuz29 daysSeventeenth of TammuzNamed for the babylonian god Dumuzi
5
אָב
Av30 daysTisha B'Av,
Tu B'Av
6
אֱלוּל
Elul29 daysNew Year for tithing animals
7
תִּשׁרִי
Eishri30 daysRosh Hasahnah,
Yom Kippur,
Sukkot,
Shimini Atzeret,
Simchat Torah
Called Ethanim in 1Kings 8:2. 
1st Tishrei = civil new year, .
8
מַרְחֶשְׁוָן / מרחשוון
Marheshwan29 or 30daysCalled Bul in 1Kings 6:38
9
כִּסְלֵו
Kislew30 or 29 daysHanukkah
10
טֵבֵת
Tebeth29 daysTenth of Tevet
11
שְׁבָט
Shevat30 daysTu BishvatNew Year for trees and agricultural tithes
12 #
אֲדָר א׳
Adar I30 daysonly in Leap years
12
אֲדָר /
 אֲדָר ב׳
Adar / Adar II29 daysPurim